Jyeshtha Gauri is a three-day Gauri (Mahalakshmi) festival that falls in the Shukla paksha of Bhadrapad masa, during the Ganeshotsav of Ganesh Chaturthi. Gauri comes home as a maherwashin (a married daughter visiting her parents' home) for three days, so married women worship her for saubhagya (marital good fortune), well-being and children. The anchor for this festival is the nakshatra, not the tithi: avahan on Anuradha nakshatra, pujan on Jyeshtha nakshatra, and visarjan on Mula nakshatra.
Gauri is worshipped as a form of Parvati / Mahalakshmi. In popular tradition she is regarded as Ganpati's mother, which is why she arrives in homes during the Ganeshotsav days.
The central emotion of the festival is the maher (parents' home) theme. Gauri comes from her husband's home to her maher for three days, is lovingly fussed over, and returns on the day of visarjan — an idea that stands for family affection, saubhagya and the prosperity of the household.
For women it is treated as a vrat (an observance) for saubhagya, children and domestic well-being. It holds a special place in Maharashtra, where Gauri and Ganpati are very often worshipped together.
The story told behind Gauri pujan, in brief: Gauri (Mahalakshmi) comes to her devotees' homes and grants happiness, saubhagya and prosperity. In one traditional katha, Gauri arrived at the homes of women who were troubled by asuras (demons), to protect them and bless them with saubhagya; ever since, women are said to have welcomed her arrival.
In some versions the story is told in different forms — the details change by region, family and household custom. So no single version is presented here as the final authority; what stays constant is the heart of the story — Gauri's arrival, her blessings, and the saubhagya of women.
The vrat is mainly kept by married women and maherwashins (married daughters), but the whole family takes part. Households that have the tradition of installing Gauri observe the festival every year. Many families begin the tradition when a new bride joins the home or when they resolve to bring Gauri into the house.
Below is the general shape of the puja vidhi; the details differ by household and region.
1. Avahan (Anuradha nakshatra) — Gauri arrives in the home on this day. She is brought in the form of khade (pebbles), mukhwate (masks/faces) or terda plants, depending on the region. Prints of Lakshmi's footsteps are drawn from the threshold to the devghar (home shrine), and saying ‘Gauri has come, come with golden feet,’ the household walks her past the important spots of the house and seats her in a place of honour.
2. Pujan (Jyeshtha nakshatra) — this is the main puja day. Gauri is adorned with the solah shringar (the sixteen adornments — sari, jewellery, haldi-kunku and flowers). Lamps (samai, niranjan) are lit, rangoli is drawn, the Mahalakshmi aarti is sung and the mahanaivedya (grand food offering) is presented. In the evening a haldi-kunku gathering is held and suvasinis (married women) are invited.
3. Visarjan (Mula nakshatra) — on the third day Gauri is given visarjan (immersion) or utthapan (a ritual send-off). Some homes immerse the murti/mukhwate, while others keep the mukhwate or khade safely and perform a symbolic visarjan. Since the festival is tied to the Ganeshotsav, many homes plan Gauri's send-off along with the Ganpati visarjan; the public Ganeshotsav itself concludes later, on Anant Chaturdashi.
(Sovle purity practices, rangoli, samai/niranjan and other details follow each home's own custom.)
On the day of pujan (Jyeshtha nakshatra) it is traditional to present a mahanaivedya — this includes puranpoli, an assortment of vegetables, bhakri-kadhi, faral (festive snacks) and sweet dishes. In many places a naivedya of sixteen vegetables is said to be offered.
However, the exact list for the ‘sixteen vegetables’ is not universal — it varies by household custom. So the dishes above are only examples; treat your own family's practice as the right one.
After the pujan it is traditional to sing the Mahalakshmi aarti — the traditional (public-domain) ‘Jay Devi Jay Devi Jay Mahalakshmi’ (Mukeshwar Nagar), given in full below, with its meaning, when to sing it, and the recognizable opening line.
Jap-mantra (traditional): Om Mahalakshmyai Namah.
The form of Gauri pujan differs across Maharashtra by region:
In Varhad, Vidarbha and Marathwada too the details differ — so treat it as ‘according to your home and regional custom.’
The form the Gauri murti takes also varies by region:
Any one of these is followed household by household as per tradition; no single method applies to everyone.